Abstract
Title: Wanderers’ Psychological Well-being and Suicidal Ideation and their related factors
Research question: What were the influences of spiritual well-being, coping strategies, family interaction, and personality on psychological well-being, and suicidal ideation among people with homelessness?
Background: More than 111,000 people died from a drug overdose (Ahmad et al., 2024). Unhoused individuals are especially at risk of overdose deaths. For people experiencing homelessness, drug overdose accounted for 1 in 4 deaths. About 582,462 individuals are experiencing homelessness in America (Security.org Team, 2023). Homelessness is devastating, regardless of age. But for children, it can have serious physical, emotional, and psychological implications (national Alliance to End Homelessness, 2023).
Methods: Sixty people with homelessness were recruited in Eastern Tennessee, USA. This was a cross-sectional descriptive research design. Questionnaires were used to do data collection. SPSS 28.0 was used to do the data analysis. Descriptive data analysis, Pearson Correlations, and Stepwise Multiple Regressions were used to examine the research questions.
Results: There were 42 males (70%) and 18 females (30%). The mean age was 46.08 (SD = 12.54, range = 19-71). The average mental illness diagnosis was 3.98 (SD = 2.55, Range = 0-11). Most of the diagnoses included Anxiety (65%), Depression (75%), Substance Use (46.7%), Mood Disorder (36.7%), and PTSD (38.3%). Seventeen (28.3%) indicated that they thought seriously about killing themselves. Sixteen (26.7%) d that they tried to kill themselves in the last year. Twenty-six (43.3%) had depression and should talk to a professional, but only sixteen (26.7%) received depression treatments. Psychological well-being had statistically significant positive relationships with the following variables: Spiritual Well-being, Faith/belief, Life/self-responsibility, Life Satisfaction/ Self-actualization, Problem-Focused Engagement, Problem-Focused Disengagement, and Positive Personalities. Emotion-focused engagement had a significant negative relationship with Psychological Well-being. Suicidal ideation had statistically significant relationships with the following variables: Spiritual Well-being (r = -0.327, p < 0.01), Faith/belief (r = -0.244, p < 0.05), Life Satisfaction/ Self-actualization (r = -0.496, p < 0.001), Problem-Focused Engagement (r = -0.253, p < 0.05), Problem-Focused Disengagement (r = -0.230, p < 0.05), Negative Family Interaction (r = 0.413, p < 0.001), and Positive Personalities (r = -0.321, p < 0.01). The significant predictors for Psychological Well-being were Spiritual Well-being (β = 0.304, p < 0.05) and Positive Personalities (β = 0.373, p < 0.01). R2 = 0.363, and F (df = 2, 57) = 16.215, p < 0.001. The significant predictors for Suicidal Ideation were Life Satisfaction/ self-actualization (β = -0.426, p < 0.001), Emotion-Focused Engagement (β = 0.221, p < 0.05), and Negative Family Interaction (β = 0.252, p < 0.05). R2 = 0.359, and F (df = 3, 56) = 10.451, p < 0.001.
Conclusions and implications for practice: The significant predictors for psychological well-being were Spiritual Well-being and Positive Personalities. The significant predictors for suicidal ideation were Life Satisfaction/ self-actualization, Emotion-Focused Engagement, and Negative Family Interaction. Understanding factors that influence positive psychological well-being is important to institute protective factors and provide emotional support.
References:
Ahmad, F. B., Cisewski, J. A., Rossen, L. M., & Sutton, P. (2024). Provisional drug overdose death counts. national Center for Health Statistics.
https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/drug-overdose-data.htm
national Alliance to End Homelessness (2023). Who Experiences Homelessness?
https://endhomelessness.org/homelessness-in-america/who-experiences-homelessness/
Security.org Team (2023). Homelessness in America 2023: Statistics, Analysis, & Trends.
https://www.security.org/resources/homeless-statistics/2023/#:~:text=Key%20Findings%3A,experiencing%20chronic%20patterns%20of%20homelessness.
Yeh, P. M., Moxham, L., Patterson, C., Antoniou, C., & Liou, J. (2023). The Comparisons of Psychological Well-being, Coping Strategies, and Emotional Problems between Taiwanese and Australian Nursing Students., The Journal of Nursing Research, 31(2), 1-13.
https://doi.org/10.1097/jnr.0000000000000543
Yeh, P. M. & Waters, G. (2021). Path Analysis testing the Development of Personality and Psychological Well-being Model. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 43(1), 23-35.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0193945920932559
Research question: What were the influences of spiritual well-being, coping strategies, family interaction, and personality on psychological well-being, and suicidal ideation among people with homelessness?
Background: More than 111,000 people died from a drug overdose (Ahmad et al., 2024). Unhoused individuals are especially at risk of overdose deaths. For people experiencing homelessness, drug overdose accounted for 1 in 4 deaths. About 582,462 individuals are experiencing homelessness in America (Security.org Team, 2023). Homelessness is devastating, regardless of age. But for children, it can have serious physical, emotional, and psychological implications (national Alliance to End Homelessness, 2023).
Methods: Sixty people with homelessness were recruited in Eastern Tennessee, USA. This was a cross-sectional descriptive research design. Questionnaires were used to do data collection. SPSS 28.0 was used to do the data analysis. Descriptive data analysis, Pearson Correlations, and Stepwise Multiple Regressions were used to examine the research questions.
Results: There were 42 males (70%) and 18 females (30%). The mean age was 46.08 (SD = 12.54, range = 19-71). The average mental illness diagnosis was 3.98 (SD = 2.55, Range = 0-11). Most of the diagnoses included Anxiety (65%), Depression (75%), Substance Use (46.7%), Mood Disorder (36.7%), and PTSD (38.3%). Seventeen (28.3%) indicated that they thought seriously about killing themselves. Sixteen (26.7%) d that they tried to kill themselves in the last year. Twenty-six (43.3%) had depression and should talk to a professional, but only sixteen (26.7%) received depression treatments. Psychological well-being had statistically significant positive relationships with the following variables: Spiritual Well-being, Faith/belief, Life/self-responsibility, Life Satisfaction/ Self-actualization, Problem-Focused Engagement, Problem-Focused Disengagement, and Positive Personalities. Emotion-focused engagement had a significant negative relationship with Psychological Well-being. Suicidal ideation had statistically significant relationships with the following variables: Spiritual Well-being (r = -0.327, p < 0.01), Faith/belief (r = -0.244, p < 0.05), Life Satisfaction/ Self-actualization (r = -0.496, p < 0.001), Problem-Focused Engagement (r = -0.253, p < 0.05), Problem-Focused Disengagement (r = -0.230, p < 0.05), Negative Family Interaction (r = 0.413, p < 0.001), and Positive Personalities (r = -0.321, p < 0.01). The significant predictors for Psychological Well-being were Spiritual Well-being (β = 0.304, p < 0.05) and Positive Personalities (β = 0.373, p < 0.01). R2 = 0.363, and F (df = 2, 57) = 16.215, p < 0.001. The significant predictors for Suicidal Ideation were Life Satisfaction/ self-actualization (β = -0.426, p < 0.001), Emotion-Focused Engagement (β = 0.221, p < 0.05), and Negative Family Interaction (β = 0.252, p < 0.05). R2 = 0.359, and F (df = 3, 56) = 10.451, p < 0.001.
Conclusions and implications for practice: The significant predictors for psychological well-being were Spiritual Well-being and Positive Personalities. The significant predictors for suicidal ideation were Life Satisfaction/ self-actualization, Emotion-Focused Engagement, and Negative Family Interaction. Understanding factors that influence positive psychological well-being is important to institute protective factors and provide emotional support.
References:
Ahmad, F. B., Cisewski, J. A., Rossen, L. M., & Sutton, P. (2024). Provisional drug overdose death counts. national Center for Health Statistics.
https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/drug-overdose-data.htm
national Alliance to End Homelessness (2023). Who Experiences Homelessness?
https://endhomelessness.org/homelessness-in-america/who-experiences-homelessness/
Security.org Team (2023). Homelessness in America 2023: Statistics, Analysis, & Trends.
https://www.security.org/resources/homeless-statistics/2023/#:~:text=Key%20Findings%3A,experiencing%20chronic%20patterns%20of%20homelessness.
Yeh, P. M., Moxham, L., Patterson, C., Antoniou, C., & Liou, J. (2023). The Comparisons of Psychological Well-being, Coping Strategies, and Emotional Problems between Taiwanese and Australian Nursing Students., The Journal of Nursing Research, 31(2), 1-13.
https://doi.org/10.1097/jnr.0000000000000543
Yeh, P. M. & Waters, G. (2021). Path Analysis testing the Development of Personality and Psychological Well-being Model. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 43(1), 23-35.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0193945920932559
| Original language | American English |
|---|---|
| State | Published - Apr 16 2025 |
| Event | The 32nd national Evidence-Based Practice Conference - Coralville, United States Duration: Apr 16 2025 → Apr 16 2025 |
Conference
| Conference | The 32nd national Evidence-Based Practice Conference |
|---|---|
| Country/Territory | United States |
| City | Coralville |
| Period | 4/16/25 → 4/16/25 |
Cite this
- APA
- Standard
- Harvard
- Vancouver
- Author
- BIBTEX
- RIS