TY - JOUR
T1 - Estimation of Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes: The Effects of Caffeine and Retinoic Acid on CK Levels in Fetal Mouse Limbs
AU - Kwasigroch, Thomas E.
AU - Skalko, R. G.
PY - 1984/1/1
Y1 - 1984/1/1
N2 - Caffeine and retinoic acid were examined for effects upon limb morphogenesis and upon creatine kinase (CK) as a measure of limb myogenesis. Caffeine at 200 mg/kg, i.p., on E11 produced a low level of forelimb (1.2%) and hindlimb (2.0%) defects. Retinoic acid, at 50 mg/kg given orally as an oily suspension, induced a high level of reduction deformities. Hindlimbs (100%) were affected more than forelimbs (88%). Limbs (E16) were examined for CK isoenzymes using DEAE-Sephacel column chromatography. Untreated limbs had 88.04% skeletal muscle (MM), 6.98% hybrid (MB) and 5.08% brain (BB) CK isoenzyme. Caffeine had no effect. However, retinoic acid increased MM-CK to 92.67%, and decreased BB-CK to 2.24%. This is the first evidence that suggests that retinoic acid may modify the phenotypic expression of developing muscle.
AB - Caffeine and retinoic acid were examined for effects upon limb morphogenesis and upon creatine kinase (CK) as a measure of limb myogenesis. Caffeine at 200 mg/kg, i.p., on E11 produced a low level of forelimb (1.2%) and hindlimb (2.0%) defects. Retinoic acid, at 50 mg/kg given orally as an oily suspension, induced a high level of reduction deformities. Hindlimbs (100%) were affected more than forelimbs (88%). Limbs (E16) were examined for CK isoenzymes using DEAE-Sephacel column chromatography. Untreated limbs had 88.04% skeletal muscle (MM), 6.98% hybrid (MB) and 5.08% brain (BB) CK isoenzyme. Caffeine had no effect. However, retinoic acid increased MM-CK to 92.67%, and decreased BB-CK to 2.24%. This is the first evidence that suggests that retinoic acid may modify the phenotypic expression of developing muscle.
KW - Vitamin A teratology
KW - menthylated xanthine teratology
KW - muscle development
UR - https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/13262
UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(84)90094-8
U2 - 10.1016/0378-4274(84)90094-8
DO - 10.1016/0378-4274(84)90094-8
M3 - Article
VL - 21
JO - Toxicology Letters
JF - Toxicology Letters
ER -