Ethanol Inhibits Cadmium Accumulation in Brains of Offspring of Pregnant Rats That Consume Cadmium

The present study was designed to test the effect of ethanol on cadmium accumulation in tissues of pregnant rats and their offspring. Starting 10 days before mating and continuing until parturition, ethanol (10% v/v) was present in the drinking water of half the rats. Cadmium chloride (CdCl2; 50 ppm) was present in the water of half the rats (± ethanol) from the first day after mating until parturition. On the day of parturition cadmium accumulated to a moderate level in bone (7.3 μg/g tissue, wet weight; this and other values, P < 0.05 vs. control), liver (12.9 μg/g) and kidney (13.0 μg/g) of dams, while the brain had only a low level of cadmium (0.45 μg/g). In offspring at 6 weeks cadmium accumulated in high amounts in the brain (34.0 μg/g), bone (15.9 μg), kidney (78.2 μg/g) and particularly the liver (227.3 μg/g). Ethanol, given simultaneously with cadmium, inhibited cadmium accumulation in brain (1.8 μg/g), bone (3.28 μg/g) and kidney (61.3 μg/g), but enhanced cadmium accumulation in liver (408.7 μg/g). At 12 weeks there were only residual levels of cadmium in all tissues of offspring. These findings demonstrate an interaction between 2 known teratogenic agents, with ethanol conferring protection of the brain from cadmium accumulation. The nature of this interaction is not known, but is likely to be related to ethanol induction of metallothionein in the liver and placenta.