Gender Identity Development

Gender identity development refers to the nonlinear and unique process of developing, understanding, and integrating one’s gender identity throughout the life span. Gender identity development is a relevant process for both cisgender and transgender people; however, historically cisgender identity development has been under emphasized. It is imperative that cisgender and transgender counselors become familiar with their personal gender identity development because a better understanding of one’s own gender identity can foster empathy and understanding for the developmental journey of others. In addition, counselors should be aware of the impact of other aspects of identity (e.g., race, sexual or affectional identity, disability) on the development of gender identity. This entry discusses biological influences on gender, how gender identity develops, as well as a review of gender identity models used within the mental health field.